Affinity Groups
Collectives within an organization that bring together employees with similar identities, backgrounds, experiences or interests, to provide members with connection and support, to offer a forum for the sharing of information and ideas, and to influence areas of work or the workplace. A place to connect with peers to address the impact of oppression, to interrupt experiences of internalized oppression, and to create a space for healing and working for individual and collective liberation.
Ally
A person who works to end a form of oppression that gives them privilege(s). Allies listen to, and are guided by, communities and individuals affected by oppression. Forms of oppression include ableism, ageism, audism, classism, biphobia, homophobia, trans-phobia, racism, sexism, and others.
Anti-Black Racism
Prejudice, attitudes, beliefs, stereotyping or discrimination that is directed at people of African descent and is rooted in their unique history and experience of enslavement and colonization. Anti-Black racism is deeply embedded in Canadian institutions, policies and practices, to the point that it becomes a part of our systems.
Anti-Colonial Approach
A conceptual framework and practice that disrupts the persistent centering of white/ Eurocentric ways of knowing within culture and ideology as normative and supreme.
Anti-Indigenous Racism
Anti-Indigenous racism is the ongoing race-based discrimination, negative stereotyping, and injustice experienced by Indigenous Peoples within Canada. It includes ideas and practices that establish, maintain and perpetuate power imbalances, systemic barriers, and inequitable outcomes that stem from the legacy of colonial policies and practices in Canada.
Anti-Racism
Anti-racism is a process, a systematic method of analysis, and a proactive course of action rooted in the recognition of the existence of racism, including systemic racism. Anti-racism actively seeks to identify, remove, prevent, and mitigate racially inequitable outcomes and power imbalances between groups and change the structures that sustain inequities.
Barriers
Systemic barriers are defined as attitudes, policies, practices or systems that result in individuals from certain population groups receiving unequal access to or being excluded from participation in employment, services or programs (e.g., through discrimination, racism, sexism, homophobia, transphobia, ableism, etc.).2
Bias-Free Progressive Discipline
Progressive Discipline is an approach to discipline through which principals determine appropriate consequences and/or supports to help students improve their behaviour, while taking into account individual circumstances, with the goal of ensuring that the inappropriate behaviour does not happen again. Accounting for “individual circumstances” in discipline decisions involves considering the student stage of growth and development; the nature and severity of the behaviour, and the impact of the behaviour on school climate. Bias-Free Progressive Discipline signifies an approach that, in practice, does not allow individual biases to influence discipline decisions, leading to disproportionate consequences for Indigenous, Black and minoritized students.
Colonialism
The practice of domination, which involves the subjugation of one people by another.3
Colonization
The enactment of or practice of colonialism. It is the process by which colonialism unfolds and is maintained. The three types of colonization are: settler colonialism, extractive colonialism, intellectual colonialism.4
Cultural Appropriation
The unauthorized use of another culture’s dance, dress, music, language, folklore, cuisine, traditional medicine, religious symbols, etc. It’s most likely to be harmful when the source community is a minority group that has been oppressed or exploited in other ways or when the object of appropriation is particularly sensitive, e.g. sacred objects.
Cultural Humility
The ability to maintain an interpersonal stance that is oriented towards the perspective of another person. Involves conscious refection on one’s own perspective and biases as well as openness to another person’s perspective in order to redress power imbalances and effectively communicate across difference.
Culturally Relevant and Responsive Pedagogy (CRRP)⁵
An approach to teaching that intentionally nurtures the uniqueness of each student in background, language, family structure, and social and cultural identity, integrating the student’s background and identity into curriculum and teaching to create effective conditions for learning.
CRRP has an institutional dimension, in the values demonstrated by administration and leadership in policy and procedure; a personal dimension, in the mindset of educators who are both self-aware and deeply knowledgeable of their students; and an instructional dimension, in the practices adopted by educators in a culturally responsive classroom.
Culture
The customs, beliefs, behaviours and/or achievements of a particular time and/or people; beyond ethnicity, race and/or faith, encompassing broad notions of similarity and difference reflected in multiple social identities.
Culturally Safe Learning Environments
A culturally safe learning environment is one in which students feel comfortable about expressing their ideas, opinions, and needs and about responding authentically to topics that may be culturally sensitive.
De-streamed
Curriculum content that is not differentiated as between two “types” of courses (academic and applied), but instead is suitable for all students at a particular grade level, regardless of their wishes or intentions for post-secondary education and training.
Disability
Under the medical model, this term refers to a limitation or loss of physiological abilities, whether apparent or not. These can be physical, cognitive, learning, and visual disabilities. Under the social model, disability is identified as a disadvantage or restriction of activity caused by systemic barriers, negative attitudes, and exclusion by society.
Disaggregated Data
Disaggregated data is broken down into component parts or smaller units of data for statistical analysis. In the context of race-based data, this means breaking down the composite (aggregate) “racialized” category into its component parts such as Black, South Asian, East/Southeast Asian, Latino, Middle Eastern, White, etc.
Discrimination
Unfair treatment through either imposing a burden on a particular person or group, or denying them a privilege, benefit or opportunity enjoyed by others, because of their race, citizenship, family status, disability, sex or other personal characteristics.
Diversity Kits
Collections of tools and resources to support the use of particular texts by classroom educators. Texts are selected to reflect the diversity of the TVDSB community and explore topics such as gender identity and sexual orientation, mental health and well-being, and racial diversity. All Diversity Kits also contain curriculum connections and instruction prompts for educators to use in their classes.
Dominant Group
A group that is considered more powerful and privileged in a particular society or context and that has power and influence over others.
Equity
A condition or state of fair, inclusive and respectful treatment of all people. A distinct process of recognizing differences within groups of individuals and using this understanding to achieve substantive equality in all aspects of a person’s life.
Equity-Deserving Groups
Equity-deserving groups are groups of people who have been historically disadvantaged and underrepresented.
Essential Conditions for Learning
Essential Conditions for Learning is TVDSB’s Tier-1 evidence-informed and holistic framework. It centres the values of safety, relationships, compassion, and a strength-based approach in all learning environments. Caring and consistent relationships between students and staff act as the foundation when creating a classroom where students feel safe, connected, regulated, and are available to learn.
Ethnicity
A socially defined category or membership of people who may share a nationality, heritage, language, culture, and/or religion.
First Nations
Indigenous Peoples of Canada who are ethnically neither Inuit nor Métis. This term came into common usage in the 1970s and ‘80s and is usually used instead of the term “Indian”.
Gay-Straight Alliances (GSAs)
Student-run collectives that bring together students who identify as 2SLGBTQ+ with allied students to build a community of support and organize around issues impacting them in their schools. Alliances are supported by a dedicated staff member.
Human Rights
The fundamental, universal rights that all citizens of the world have agreed we are all entitled to. Human rights are intrinsic, meaning we are born with them, and they are the same for every person. They are captured by the 30 articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), which defne in all aspects a life of equality, dignity, and respect, and a life free from discrimination. Countries have human rights laws to make sure that people and governments are held accountable if rights are not respected. In Canada, human rights are protected by provincial, territorial, federal, and international laws.
Indigenous
Overarching term to describe the descendants of the original inhabitants of a country or a geographical region. Indigenous is the preferred term for the original people in Canada. It can include First Nations, Métis, or Inuit.
Inuit
Indigenous People in Northern Canada, with homelands in Nunavut, Northwest Territories, Northern Quebec, and Northern Labrador. The word means “people” in the Inuit language - Inuktitut.
Intersectionality
Intersectionality is the way in which people’s lives are shaped by their multiple and overlapping identities and social locations, which, together, can produce a unique and distinct experience for that individual or group, for example, creating additional barriers, opportunities, and/or power imbalances.
In the context of race and Indigenous identity, this means recognizing the ways in which people’s experiences of racism or privilege, including within any one group, may vary depending on the individual’s or group’s relationship to additional overlapping or intersecting social identities, like religion, ethnic origin, gender, age, disabilities or citizenship and immigration status.
Marginalized
Describing groups that become permanently confined to the fringes of society through a longterm, structural process of systemic discrimination (“marginalization”) that creates a class of disadvantaged minorities. The marginalized status of groups is perpetuated through various dimensions of exclusion, particularly in the labour market, from full and meaningful participation in society.
Métis⁶
The Métis Nation includes people that are descendants of a distinct group of people that came from early relationships between First Nation women and European men.
Minoritized
Used in place of the noun “minority” to highlight the social oppression that minoritizes individuals. Minoritized groups are those defined as minorities by the dominant group that is numerically larger. The label of “minority” suggests that a group is subordinate to the larger, dominant group. The term minoritized extends beyond race to include, for example, other identities and experiences of non-majority populations such as and not limited to: 2SLGBT2Q+, newcomers to Canada, people affected by poverty, etc.
Oppression/Anti-oppression
The use of power to disempower, marginalize, silence or otherwise subordinate one social group or category often further empowering and/or privileging the oppressor. Anti-oppression is an active and consistent process of change to equalize power imbalances through the elimination of individual, institutional and systemic oppression and injustice.
Pathways
Describes the three types of programs available to secondary students in the Ontario curriculum: academic, applied and locally developed. Pathways are intended to connect students with particular post-secondary education options – academic programs prepare students for entry into university; applied programs prepare students for college or apprenticeship; locally developed programs support students with entry into the workforce.
Promoting Positive Behaviour Toolkit
A collection of resources, tip sheets and other tools, carefully selected to reflect strong research and evidence-based practices, to support staff to create positive, safe school climate. The Toolkit is intended to contain quick references to help staff understand student learning and social-emotional needs and assist staff in addressing behaviour concerns as they arise.
Racialized⁷
Racial meaning attributed to a person or group based on geographic, historical, political, economic, social and cultural factors, as well as physical traits, in ways that negatively impact their social, political, and economic life.
Racism⁸
Racism is an ideology that either directly or indirectly asserts that one group is inherently superior to others. It can be openly displayed in racial jokes and slurs or hate crimes but it can be more deeply rooted in attitudes, values and stereotypical beliefs. In some cases, these are unconsciously held and have become deeply embedded in systems and institutions that have evolved over time. Racism operates at a number of levels, in particular, individual, systemic and societal.
Restorative Practices
A set of strategies rooted in restorative justice that emphasize repairing the harm done to people and relationships through negative behavior or conduct, rather than punishment of the perpetrator(s). Use of restorative practices in classrooms and schools supports social-emotional learning by all parties, student mental health, belonging and inclusion and therefore helps to build supportive learning environments for all students.
Safe and Inclusive School Plan (SISP)
The Safe and Inclusive School Plan is completed annually by every elementary and secondary school in the Thames Valley District School Board and is facilitated at the school-level by a school-based team. This team is composed of students, family members, teachers, support staff, community partners, and the principal and/or vice principal. The Safe and Inclusive School Team meets during the year to identify one local priority and create a plan to support the identified goal.
School Improvement and Equity Plan (SIEP)
A school-based plan that is developed to increase student achievement and well-being with a focus on addressing disproportionate outcomes for students who are historically and/or currently underserved. The School Improvement and Equity Plan is a cyclical process that identifies specific outcome goals, instructional strategies, implementation timelines, and methods of measuring the results.
Student Associations
Groups or networks of students within schools that bring together students who share a particular identity (e.g., Black Student Association, Gay-Straight Alliance, Indigenous Student Association, Muslim Student Association.)
Student Success Teacher (SST)
An educator in each secondary school who supports school-wide efforts to improve outcomes for students with a focus on knowing and tracking the progress of students at risk of not graduating in order to re-engage and provide direct support to those students. The SST forms part of the school’s Student Success Team, together with the principal, a guidance counsellor and a special education teacher.
Systemic Racism
The existence of institutions or systems that create or maintain racial inequity, often as a result of hidden institutional biases in policies, practices and procedures that privilege some groups and disadvantage others.
Third Path/Third Path Toolkit
An approach to student well-being and achievement that focuses on a caring, intentional, and responsive educator/student relationship as essential for a student’s learning and growth. More broadly, the Third Path encourages the establishment of eight conditions describing a hierarchical series of needs (e.g. belonging, engagement) that create an environment for all students to thrive. The TVDSB Toolkit is a collection of tools, training and resources that support educators, administrators and staff to develop their capacity to implement a Third Path approach.
Trauma-Sensitive Practice/Approach
Sometimes referred to as Trauma-Informed Practice, an approach to creating welcoming, caring, respectful and safe schools that acknowledges the impact of prolonged stress created by neglect, abuse, and other forms of trauma, on students’ well-being and their availability and capacity for learning. The approach focuses on creating learning environments that are calm, predictable and supportive, including through educator strategies that show empathy and healthy ways to handle emotions and relating to others.
Two-Spirit
An English umbrella term to reflect and restore Indigenous traditions forcefully suppressed by colonization, honouring the fluid and diverse nature of gender and attraction and its connection to community and spirituality. It is used by some Indigenous People rather than, or in addition to identifying as 2SLGBTQ+.
Footnotes:
1 If no specific source is provided, the definition represents a synthesis of multiple sources, tailored for the context of this document.
2 Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
3 The Adaway Group
⁴ The Adaway Group
⁵ Ontario Ministry of Education
⁶ Métis Nation of Ontario
⁷ Canadian Race Relations Foundation
⁸ Ontario Human Rights Commission